Index of grammar subjects
 

Per subject the lesson and section is given in which the subject is explained.
The current index contains subjects discussed in lessons 1 up to and including 15.

 
A B C D E F G H I J
K L M N Ŋ Ny O P Q R
S T U V W X Y Z    

 
A

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  • "abada" and "koyne"; 8.D.6
  • additional meanings of
    • "te; 13.C
  • adjective:
    • contractions of demonstrative "wo"; 7.D.3
    • demonstrative; 7.D.1
    • predicate adjectives, prefix "i"; 13.D.1
    • prefix "i"; 13.D.1
    • pronoun, use as pronoun with prefix "i"; 13.D.1
    • qualifying and numerical; 5.D.2
  • admonish against something; 10.D.1
  • adverb "mo"; 5.D.5
  • adverbial object with verbs come and go; 2.C.5
  • appositives, variations in "ay" and "ni"; 11.D.3
  • article:
    • definite plural; 1.D.3
    • definite singular; 1.D.2
    • indefinite plural; 12.D.2 3  
    • indefinite singular; 1.D.4
  • asking to do or to don't; 10.D.1
  • auxiliary, see particle
B

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  • "ba",
    • conjunction-preposition; 8.D.5
    • verb; 15.C
  • be, the verb "to be":
    • negative forms; 8.D.3
    • past and present; 4.D.3
    • sentence order; 4.D.4
    • use of "ga ti"; 9.D.2
    • "ya ... no"; 6.D.5
  • "beytu" and "don", use and spelling; 13.C
C

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  • cardinal number:
    • 1-10; 3.D.1
    • 11-20; 6.D.4
    • 10-1000; 12.D.1  
  • "cere", reciprocal pronouns; 13.D.2
  • climate, idiomatic expressions; 13.D.3
  • combination "han kan ga"; 7.D.6
  • combinations of verbs and prepositions; 6.D.1
  • complex sentences, variations in "ay" and "ni"; 11.D.3
  • compound nouns showing origin; 5.D.4
  • conditional sentences, verb forms; 10.D.2
  • conjunction:
    • "ga" or "ka" for connecting verbs; 15.D.2
    • "kan" and "nda" for "when"; 7.D.8
    • "mo" for connecting clauses; 5.D.5
    • "nda" for connecting substantives; 2.C.3
  • conjunction-preposition "ba"; 8.D.5
  • contractions of demonstrative adjective "wo"; 7.D.3
  • counting:
    • 1-10; 3.D.1
    • 11-20; 6.D.4
    • 10-1000; 12.D.1  
    • counting money to 100 Francs; 8.D.8
    • counting money over 100 Francs; 12.D.1
D

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  • "dama", use; 13.C
  • demonstrative adjective "wo", contractions; 7.D.3
  • demonstrative pronoun and adjectives; 7.D.1
  • demonstrative suffix "din"; 7.D.2
  • "din", demonstrative suffix; 7.D.2
  • direct discourse; 9.D.4
  • direct object:
    • exceptions sentence order; 2.C.3
    • introduction; 2.C.1
    • past tense; 2.C.2
    • word "ey"; 3.D.4
  • direct questions; 9.D.1
  • discourse,
    • direct discourse; 9.D.4
    • indirect discourse; 9.D.4
  • "don" and "beytu", use and spelling; 13.C
E

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  • emphatic pronouns; 8.D.7
  • exclamations; 15.D.3
  • express desire; 10.D.1
  • expressions; 15.D.3
  • "ey", as direct object; 3.D.4
F

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  • family, close relationships; 7.D.7
  • feminine and masculine, nouns; 5.D.1
  • future tense:
    • conditional sentences; 10.D.2
    • introduction; 3.D.2
    • negative form; 8.D.2
G

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  • "ga", the particle ; 3.D.2, 15.D.1, 15.D.2
  • "ga ti", use of "ga ti"; 9.D.2
  • gerunds (verbal nouns); 7.D.5
  • "gonda", verb "to have"; 11.D.1
  • "go (no) ga";
    • past progressive tense; 15.D.1
    • present progressive tense; 5.D.3
H

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  • "hala"
    • subjunctive mood; 10.D.1
    • uses of "hala" and "kala"; 12.D.3 
  • "han kan ga", combination; 7.D.6
  • "have", the verb "to have"; 11.D.1
  • "hay fo", use of "hay kulu" and "hay fo"; 9.D.3
  • "hay kulu", use of "hay kulu" and "hay fo"; 9.D.3
I

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  • idiom:
    •  "ya"; 10.D.1
  • idiomatic expressions for weather and climate; 13.D.3
  • imperative mood; 11.D.2
  • imperfect, uncompleted aspect of verb
    • present tense; 5.D.3
    • past tense; 15.D.1
  • indefinite pronoun; 3.D.3
  • indirect discourse; 9.D.4
  • indirect object, introduction; 6.D.2
  • interrogative; 9.D.1  
  • irregular verbs:
    • direct object; 2.C.3
    • indirect object; 6.D.2
K

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  • "ka", particle; 9.D.2, 15.D.1, 15.D.2
  • "kaci", use of "ga ti";  9.D.2
  • "kala", uses of "hala" and "kala"; 12.D.3
  • "kan",
    • forms and uses of "kan" & "nda"; 12.C
    • "kan" & "nda" for "when", conjunction; 7.D.8
    • use in combination with other words; 7.D.6
  • "ko", nouns formed with the suffix "ko" to the verb; 11.D.5
  • "kom", nouns formed with the suffixes "kom"; 11.D.4
  • "koy",
    • nouns formed with the suffixes "koy"; 11.D.4
    • verb "koy" conjunction with other verbs; 15.D.2
  • "koni", nouns formed with the suffixes "koni"; 11.D.4
  • "koyne" and "abada: ; 8.D.6
  • "kulu"; use of "kulu"; 12.D.4
M

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  • masculine and feminine, nouns; 5.D.1
  • "mo", adverb and conjunction; 5.D.5
  • mood,
    • imperative mood; 11.D.2
    • subjunctive mood; 10.D.1
  • money to 100 Francs; 8.D.8 
N

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  • "na", tense indicating particle; 2.C.2
  • "nda":
    • conjunction; 2.C.5
    • "nda" & "kan" for "when", conjunction; 7.D.8
    • forms and uses of "nda" and "kan"; 12.C
  • negative of verbs:
    • past tense; 8.D.1 
    • present and future; 8.D.2
    • verb "to be"; 8.D.3
  • no, use in Zarma of "yes" and "no"; 8.D.4
  • nouns:
    • compound nouns showing origin; 5.D.4
    • definite plural; 1.D.3
    • definite singular; 1.D.2
    • nouns formed with the suffix "ko" to the verb; 11.D.5
    • formed with the suffixes "koy", "kom", and "koni"; 11.D.4
    • gerunds (verbal nouns with suffix "yan"); 7.D.5
    • indefinite plural (suffix "yan"); 12.D.2
    • indefinite singular; 1.D.2
    • masculine and feminine; 5.D.1
  • numbers:
    • counting 1-10; 3.D.1
    • counting, 11-20; 6.D.4
    • counting money to 100 Francs; 8.D.8
  • numerical adjective; 5.D.2
P

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  • particle
    • "ga"; 3.D.2, 15.D.1, 15.D.2
    • "go (no) ga"; 5.D.3, 15.D.1
    • "ka"; 9.D.1; 15.D.2
    • "ma"; 10.D.1 (subjunctive), 11.D.2 (imperative)
    • "mana"; 8.D.1
    • "manti"; 8.D.3
    • "na"; 2.C.2
    • "si"; 8.D.2, 8.D.3
    • "wa"; 11.D.2 (imperative)
  • passive voice; 6.D.3
  • past tense:
    • conditional sentences; 10.D.2
    • direct object; 2.C.2
    • introduction; 1.D.5
    • negative form; 8.D.1 
    • progressive tense; 15.D.1
  • personal pronouns
    • introduction; 1.D.1
    • third person forms; 3.D.4; 4.D.1
    • variations in "ay" and "ni"; 11.D.3
  • possessive pronoun:
    • introduction; 4.D.1
    • sentence order; 4.D.4
  • prefix "i" on adjectives; 13.D.1
  • preposition:
    • introduction; 4.D.2
    • in combination with verbs; 6.D.1
    • the conjunction-preposition "ba"; 8.D.5
    • verbs come and go; 2.C.4
  • prepositional phrase, sentence order; 6.D.2
  • present tense:
    • negative form; 8.D.2
    • uncompleted aspect of verb; 5.D.3
  • pronouns:
    • adjectives used as pronoun with prefix "i"; 13.D.1
    • demonstrative; 7.D.1
    • emphatic forms;  8.D.7
    • indefinite; 3.D.3
    • interrogative pronoun; 9.D.1
    • personal; 1.D.1
    • possessive (introduction); 4.D.1
    • reciprocal pronouns; 13.D.2
    • relative, in combinations; 7.D.4
    • variations in "ay" and "ni"; 11.D.3
Q

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  • qualifying adjective; 5.D.2
  • questions,
    • direct questions; 9.D.1
    • formulate questions; 1.D.6
R

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  • reciprocal pronouns; 13.D.2
  • relationships, family; 7.D.7
  • relative pronoun in combinations; 7.D.4
  • requesting something and imperative mood; 11.D.2
S

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  • sentences, complex sentences, variations in "ay" and "ni"; 11.D.3
  • sentence order,
    • direct object; 2.C.1-2.C.3
    • direct object and transitive verb; 3.D.5
    • indirect object; 6.D.2
    • possessive pronoun; 4.D.4
    • preposition; 4.D.2
    • prepositional phrase; 6.D.2
    • questions; 1.D.6
    • review 1; 2.C.5
    • verb "to be"; 4.D.4
  • "sinda", verb "to have"; 11.D.1
  • spelling of,
    • beytu"; 13.C
    • "don"; 13.C
  • subjunctive mood; 10.D.1
  • suffix
    •  "din"; 7.D.2
    • "ko"; 11.D.5
    • "koy", "kom", and "koni"; 11.D.4
    • "yan"
      • gerunds (verbal nouns); 7.D.5
      • "yan" on nouns (indefinite plural); 12.D.2
T

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  • "te", additional meanings; 13.C
U

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  • use of,
    • "ba"; 15.C
    • "beytu"; 13.C
    • "cere", reciprocal pronouns; 13.D.2
    • "dama"; 13.C
    • "don"13.C
    • "ga ba ga"; 15.C
    • "ga ti"; 9.D.2
    • "hala"; 12.D.3
    • "hay kulu" and "hay fo"; 9.D.3 
    • impersonal verbs; 10.D.1
    • "ye ga" with another verb; 15.C
    • "kala"; 12.D.3
    • "kulu"; 12.D.4
    • "mo"; 5.D.5
    • some verbs in combination with prepositions; 6.D.1
    • "ya.. no" (to be); 6.D.5
    • "yes" and "no" in Zarma; 8.D.4
V

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  • verbal nouns; 7.D.5
  • verb-link conjunction "ga" or "ka"; 15.D.2
  • verbs:
    • auxiliary, see letter P "particle"
    • "ba", practical idiomatic winks; 11.C; 15.C
    • "cindi", practical idiomatic winks; 11.C
    • come and go; 2.C.4
    • forms of to be: "ya ... no"; 6.D.5
    • future tense; 3.D.2
    • "gay", practical idiomatic winks; 11.C
    • imperfect tense; 15.D.1
    • in combination with prepositions; 6.D.1
    • negative forms of "to be"; 8.D.3 
    • of consenting, forbidding, asking, commanding; 10.D.1
    • particle, see letter P "particle"
    • past tense:
      • general 1.D.5
      • negative form; 8.D.1
      • progressive tense 15.D.1
    • present and future negative forms; 8.D.2  
    • present tense; 5.D.3
    • 'to be' (see: be); 4.D.3
    • "to have"; 11.D.1
    • use of impersonal verbs; 10.D.1
    • verb forms in conditional sentences; 10.D.2
    • "ye", practical idiomatic winks; 15.C
W

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  • weather, idiomatic expressions; 13.D.3
  • "when", use of "nda" & "kan", conjunction; 7.D.8
  • "wo", contractions of demonstrative adjective; 7.D.3
Y

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  • "ya ... no", form of "to be"; 6.D.5
  • "ye ga" with another verb; 15.C
  • yes, use in Zarma of "yes" and "no"; 8.D.4
  • "yan",
    • gerunds (verbal nouns); 7.D.5
    • indefinite plural of nouns; 12.D.2
Z

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  • "zama", subjunctive mood; 10.D.1
 

 
Last updated: 26 december 2009